![]() The Allies moved on from there to Sicily, and then Italy, knocking the Italians out of the war and making a slow advance up the peninsula. The landings took place in November 1942, and by the spring of 1943 the German and Italian forces in North Africa had surrendered. and British troops in North Africa, where Axis forces threatened to overrun British-held Egypt. The decision was made, therefore, to land U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, though, was adamant that some sort of engagement with the Germans must take place before the end of 1942-the Soviet Union, he argued, was bearing almost the entire brunt of the German war machine, and something had to be done to demonstrate to Stalin that the United States and Great Britain were committed to the defeat of the Axis. However, their British counterparts convinced them that it would be unwise to attempt such an invasion before 1944 at the earliest. Most American military leaders preferred the direct approach, in the form of an invasion of northern France. Yet there was serious debate over what shape that invasion would take. ![]() American forces were to maintain a largely defensive posture in the Pacific while forces were massed in the British Isles for an invasion of Europe. military planners decided that Germany, not Japan, was to be the primary target of operations. Although it was the Japanese who attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, U.S. ![]()
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